A three-state, or Tri-State, output has three electrical states: One, zero, and "Hi-Z," or "open." The hi-Z state is a high-impedance state in which the output is disconnected, leaving the signal open, to be driven by another device (or to be pulled up or down by a resistor provided to prevent an undefined state).
High-impedance schemes such as three-state are commonly used for a bus, in which several devices can be selected to drive the bus.
An open-drain or open-collector output pin is driven by a single
transistor, which pulls the pin to only one voltage (generally, to
ground). When the output device is off, the pin is left floating (open,
or hi-z). A common example is an n-channel transistor which pulls the
signal to ground when the transistor is on or leaves it open when the
transistor is off.
Open-drain refers to such a circuit implemented in FET technologies
because the transistor's drain terminal is connected to the output;
open-collector means a bipolar transistor's collector is performing the
function.
When the transistor is off, the signal can be driven by another device
or it can be pulled up or down by a resistor. The resistor prevents an
undefined, floating state. (See the related term, hi-z.)
A signal line is said to be "floating" if it is not connected to any voltage supply, ground, or ground-referenced signal source.
Examples:
An open-drain, high-impedance (hi-z) output when in the off (hi-z) mode
In microcomputer systems, a data or address bus may, at times, be undriven (floating). This is permissible because control signals indicate when data is valid, so users of the bus know when the signal can be ignored.
One form of non-volatile memory device is achieved via floating gates. The gate of a MOSFET has no connection, allowing charge to remain indefinitely. The gate charge is changed using Fowler-Nordheim tunneling or hot-carrier injection. EPROM, EEPROM, and flash memory are examples.
Source : Maxim
